Mustard farming in hindi: Given the increasing demand and price of oil Mustard farming There are immense possibilities. Mustard It is used not only as oil but also in the form of torches. Mustard oil is very nutritious. Mustard oil has many medicinal properties. to skin Mustard Oil It is very beneficial. Mustard gives more yield even in less water. in oilseed crops Mustard It is an important crop.
So come on The Rural India of this article Mustard farming To know in detail
In this article you will learn
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Suitable climate for mustard crop
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soil for mustard cultivation
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field preparation
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Seeds and Sowing Time
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improved varieties of mustard
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yellow mustard cultivation
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Irrigation and Fertilizer Management Information
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Mustard pests and diseases and their management
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How to adopt crop rotation for more production
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Cost and earning of mustard cultivation
Suitable climate for mustard cultivation
Mustard crop (sarson ki fasal) for cold climate Is required. In India it is cultivated in Rabi season. Average temperature of 26 to 28 degree centigrade is quite suitable for this. Mustard requires a temperature of 15 to 25 centigrade at the time of sowing and 25 to 35 degree at the time of harvesting.
useful soil for mustard
Mustard crop (sarson ki fasal) Well-drained loamy soil is suitable for. Soil pH of 5.8 to 6.7 is suitable for mustard cultivation. If the pH value is high, Gypsum/Pyrite should be used at the rate of 5 tonnes per hectare every third year. Mix gypsum or pyrite in the soil in May-June and plow it well.
field preparation
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Before planting mustard crop (sarson ki fasal), plow the field thoroughly 3-4 times.
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At the time of first ploughing, apply 4-5 tonnes of FYM per hectare and plough.
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Sow the seeds in rows with country plow or seed drill.
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Do not keep seed row to row distance of 30 cm and plant to plant distance of 10-12 cm.
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If you are cultivating other co-crops with mustard, then this distance can be kept more.
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Do not sow the seed more than 2-3 cm deep, sowing more deeply will adversely affect seed germination.
Seeds and Sowing Time
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Make sure to do seed treatment before planting the seeds, it does not cause diseases.
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Thiram @ 2.5 grams per kg can be used for seed treatment.
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For this, 2.5 grams of Carbendazim can also be used at the rate of per kg.
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Do sowing of mustard between October to November.
improved varieties of mustard
It is very important to have good and advanced seeds for higher yield from mustard cultivation. For this, you should use only certified seeds. Some varieties of mustard are developed depending on the region. Therefore, it is advised to the farmer brothers that to choose the varieties, you Krishi Vigyan Kendra Or take advice from progressive farmers once.
Among the improved varieties of mustard J. M.-1 (Jawahar) J. M.-2, Rohini, Varuna, Pusa Gold, Pusa Jai Kisan are prominent.
J. M.-1
The height of this mustard variety is 170-180 cm. This variety is resistant to white rust disease. It gets ready after ripening in 130 days. The yield of this variety is 18 to 22 quintals per hectare.
J. M.-2
This variety gets ready in 130 to 135 days. The production capacity of this variety is up to 20-30 quintals per hectare. Its grains are thicker than other varieties.
Rohini
The height of plants of this variety is up to 150-155 cm. Its pods are attached to the branch. The oil content in this variety is more (42 per cent) than other varieties. Its yield per hectare is up to 20-25 quintals.
Varuna
This is a very old and popular variety of mustard. It gets ready in 135-140 days. Its yield potential is up to 22 quintals per hectare.
Pusa Gold
This variety gets ready in 125-135 days. This type of plant is also useful for greens. Its per hectare yield is 15-22 quintals.
pusa jai kisan
This variety of mustard ripens in 125 to 130 days. The oil content in this variety is up to 42 percent. Its production capacity is 25-30 quintals per hectare.
Apart from these varieties, there are also varieties which you can get from the nearest seed store or district Krishi Vigyan Kendra can be obtained by contacting
yellow mustard cultivation
These days yellow mustard cultivation Also very popular. The main reason for this is its demand in the market and getting higher prices. Yellow mustard is also often used for torches. Farmers can earn good profit even by cultivating yellow mustard.
yellow mustard varieties
Pitambari
This mustard variety has been developed in 2009. This is one of the improved varieties of yellow mustard. This variety gets ready after ripening in 110 to 115 days. Its per hectare production ranges from 18 to 20 quintals. The oil content in this variety is up to 43 percent.
Narendra Mustard-2
Developed in 1996, this mustard variety matures in 125 to 130 days. This variety yields 16 to 20 quintals per hectare. 44 to 45 percent oil content has been found in this variety.
K-88
This variety, developed in 1978, matures in 125 to 130 days. This gives a yield of 16 to 18 quintals per hectare. This variety contains 42 to 43 percent oil.
Adopt crop rotation for better production
Soil fertility and crop rotation are very important for high yield. Due to the adoption of crop rotation, there are very few diseases in the crop. In mustard cultivation too, you can get good production by adopting better crop rotation.
As-
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Paddy- Mustard-Moong
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Soybean-Onion- Fallow
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Maize-Mustard-Okra
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Paddy-Wheat/Mustard
with its mustard intercrops Can also be grown.
As-
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Chickpeas with Mustard
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Lentils with Mustard
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Wheat with Mustard
Irrigation and Fertilizer Management
irrigation
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Mustard crop (sarson ki fasal) First irrigation in 30-35 days after plant growth
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Second irrigation at flowering stage for better development of buds
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The third irrigation should be done when the pods are filled with grains.
fertilizer
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Put rotten cow dung manure in mustard crop (sarso ki fasal) at the time of first ploughing.
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Use chemical fertilizers according to soil test.
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For the growth of plants, use urea only on the advice of agricultural experts.
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Weeding is very important in mustard crop after 20-25 days of sowing.
Mustard pests and diseases and their management
blight
symptoms : In this disease, dark brown spots appear on the leaves and pods.
the treatment: For its treatment, spray Ridomil (0.25%) after 50 days of sowing the crop.
stem rot
symptoms : Due to this disease, brown spots appear on the stems of mustard. Plants affected by this become hollow from inside. Farmers also know it by the name of pola disease.
the treatment : To control this disease, sow the seeds after treating them with Bavistin at the rate of 3 gm/kg of seed.
sawfly moth
This pest causes more damage to the crop from October to December. Dimethoate 30 EC is used for its control. 1 litre/hectare or 500 ml of Malathion 50 EC. Mix quantity / hectare in 500 liters of water and spray.
Cost and earning in mustard cultivation
Talking about the cost, it costs less than other crops. because Mustard crop (sarson ki fasal) It also takes less water. Its cultivation costs the farmers Rs 30-40 thousand per hectare.
Mustard farming I get more profit than wheat crop. 20-20 quintal mustard is produced per hectare. Due to this, farmers get a net profit of up to Rs 1-1.5 lakh. There is less production in India as per the demand of mustard. This is the reason why the prices of mustard oil skyrocketed.
There is a possibility of increasing the consumption of mustard oil in the country in the coming times. In this case the farmers Mustard farming Good profits can be made from it.
It was Mustard farming The matter of but, The Rural India But you will also get many important information on issues like agriculture and mechanization, government planning and rural development. blogs Will meet, by reading which you can increase your knowledge.
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